Endodontics


Endodontics, derived from the Greek word "Endodontics," meaning "inside the tooth," is a specialized field in dentistry focusing on the intricate structures within teeth. Traditionally, a tooth with a diseased nerve would be extracted. However, modern endodontics enables the preservation of natural teeth in many cases. This involves removing inner tooth structures, cleaning out the canal and then filling with a material called gutta percha. After the tooth canal is finished and symptom free, the canal is sealed off and a restoration is placed effectively restoring the tooth's health and function.

Signs and Symptoms of Endodontic Issues:

  • Gum inflammation and tenderness.

  • Tooth sensitivity to hot and cold.

  • Discomfort while chewing or biting.

  • Tooth discoloration.

  • Unexplained pain in nearby lymph nodes.

Reasons for Endodontic Treatment: Endodontic therapy, also known as root canal treatment, aims to salvage natural teeth, as they are considered irreplaceable despite advances in restorative dentistry.

Several factors can lead to inner tooth damage, including:

  • Bacterial infections: Oral bacteria can infiltrate tooth pulp through fissures caused by decay or injury, leading to inflammation and infection.

  • Fractures and chips: Extensive damage to the tooth's crown can expose the pulp, resulting in pain and necessitating root canal therapy.

  • Injuries: Trauma to the teeth from direct or indirect blows may require root canal treatment following stabilization.

  • Avulsions: If a tooth is knocked out, swift action to preserve it followed by root canal therapy can potentially save the tooth.

Endodontic Procedure Overview: Root canal therapy typically spans one to three visits depending on the level of infection present. Before treatment, comprehensive X-rays are taken for assessment.

The procedure begins with local anesthesia administration and placement of a dental dam to isolate the treatment area. The tooth's surface is opened, and the infected pulp is meticulously removed using specialized instruments. The space is then cleaned, shaped, and filled with gutta-percha, a biocompatible material. A temporary filling may be placed until a permanent restoration or crown is fitted during the final visit.

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